William Raphael (August 22, 1833- March 15, 1914), originally named Israel Rafalsky, was born in Nakel, West Prussia. He was the first Jewish professional artist to establish himself in Canada. Raphael received rigorous academic training at the Berlin School of Fine Art under the tutelage of Johann Eduard Wolff and Karl Begas, which laid the foundation for his artistic career.
In 1856, Raphael emigrated to New York City before settling in Montreal the following year. Montreal became his lifelong home, where he found work painting photographs and teaching art at institutions such as the High School of Montreal and the Art Association of Montreal.
William Raphael; Solitude
Raphael's artistic pursuits were diverse, encompassing portrait, genre, and landscape painting, as well as flora and fauna studies, religious scenes, and anatomical drawings for medical lectures. His list of accomplishments is staggering, including capturing the habitant and native way of life in his paintings, like his Canadian contemporaries Paul Kane and Cornelius Krieghoff.
He was also known for his skills as an art restorer, breathing new life into aging masterpieces. Despite facing challenges, particularly during the depression years of 1873 to 1878 and shifts in aesthetic tastes, Raphael continued to contribute significantly to the field of art education. He taught at various institutions and even started his own private art school.
William Raphael; Bridge Over a Stream
Raphael's dedication to teaching was matched by his love for the Canadian landscape, which he often depicted in his paintings. He traveled extensively throughout Canada and abroad, capturing the serene beauty of nature in his artwork.
His artistic pursuits extended beyond creating works of art. Raphael was also an active member of the Canadian artistic community, holding memberships in the Ontario Society of Artists and the Canadian Academy of Arts (now RCA), among others. He was an original member of the Pen and Pencil Club of Montreal and became a member of the Council of Arts and Manufactures of the Province of Quebec in 1904.
William Raphael; The Berry Pickers
Raphael's commitment to his craft and integrity in the face of criticism and adversity were widely respected. His legacy endures through his numerous works held in public collections such as the National Gallery of Canada, the McCord Museum, and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Furthermore, his auction prices for both oil and watercolour hit new highs in 2023, indicating his continued relevance and appreciation within the art market.
William Raphael passed away on March 15, 1914, leaving behind a lasting impact on Canadian art and a legacy that continues to be celebrated today.